India

Hinduism, the ancient religion of India, considers the "Vedas" composition of hymns, sacrificial formulas, and other sayings pertaining to the Gods…as sacred scriptures, "not of Human Origin". The Gods themselves composed them.

When in the 19^th century, scholars began to decipher and understand forgotten languages, they realized the Vedas were written in a very ancient Indo European language, (the predecessor of the Indian "root-tongue" Sanskrit, of Greek, Latin, and the other European languages). They were surprised to see the uncanny similarity between the Vedic tales of the Gods…..and the Greek tales.

The Gods, the "Vedas" told, were all members of one large, but not necessarily peaceful, family. Amid the tales of ascents to the heavens, and descents to Earth, aerial battles, wondrous weapons, friendships, and rivalries, marriage and infidelities…..there appears to have existed a basic concern for genealogical record keeping, (who fathered whom, and who was the first born of whom).

The Gods on Earth originated in the Heavens….and the principal deities….even on Earth….continued to represent Celestial bodies.

In primeval times the "Rishis" (primeval flowing ones), flowed celestially, possessed of irresistible powers. Of them, seven were the Great Progenitors of Mankind….. The Gods "Rahu" (demon), and "Ketu" (disconnected), were once a single celestial body….that sought to join the Gods….without permission.

But the Gods of storms hurled his flaring weapon at him, cutting him into 2 parts…."Rahu", the "Dragon’s head", which unceasingly traverses the heavens in search of vengeance, and "Ketu", (the Dragon’s tail).

"Mar-Ishi", the progenitor of the Solar Dynasty, gave birth to "Kash-Yapa", (he who is the throne). The Vedas describe him as having been quite prolific, but the dynastic succession was continued only through his 10 children by Prit-Hivi (heavenly mother).

As dynastic head, "Kash-Yapa" was also chief of the devas ("shining ones"), and bore the title "Dyaus-Pitar" (shining father). Together with his consort and 10 children, the divine family….made up twelve "Adityas" (Gods), who were assigned a sign of the zodiac and a celestial body.

The similarities between the Vedic and Greek pantheons are obvious. The principle deities, are clearly duplicates (or originals)? Of the Greek tales. There is no doubt "Dyaus" came to mean "zeus", "Dyaus-Pitar" was "Jupiter", Varuna was "Uranus", and so on.

The circle of great Gods stood at twelve, no matter what changes took place in the divine succession…..Thousands of temples dot the entire country....strange and beautiful....alien to behold.

How could such similarity arise in two areas….so far apart geographically, and in time?

Scholars believe that sometime in the second millennium BC, a people speaking an Indo-European language, and centered in Northern Iran or the Caucasus area, embarked on great migrations. One group went Southeast, to India. (The Hindus called them Aryans "Noble Men"). They brought with them the Vedas as oral tales, circa 1500 BC.

Another wave of this Indo-European migration went Westward, to Europe. Some circled the Black Sea and arrived in Europe via the steppes of Russia. But the main route by which these people and their traditions and religion reached Greece was the shortest one: Asia Minor: Some of the most ancient Greek cities, in fact, lie not on the Greek mainland, but at the Western tip of Asia Minor.

The Hittites

Checking the Old Testament for more answers, we find several references to the "Hittites", as the people inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia. The Hittites were regarded as friends and allies to Israel. Bathsheba, (whom King David coveted), was the wife of Uriah the Hittite, an officer in King David’s Army.

King Solomon, who forged alliances….by marrying the daughters of foreign Kings….took as wives, the daughters both of an Egyptian pharaoh and a Hittite King. These brief allusions to the Hittites reveal the high esteem in which their military abilities were held by other peoples of the ancient Near East.

In Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mesopotamian inscriptions, they came across many references to a "land of Hatti", as a large and powerful Kingdom in Anatolia. Archaeological finds of Hittite cities, palaces, royal treasures, royal tombs, temples, religious objects, tools, weapons, and art objects prove the Biblical history of the fact.

The Hittite pantheon of Gods was governed by the "sacred number" twelve. Heading the "physically present" Hittite Gods was "Teshub", which meant ‘wind blower". He was thus a storm God, associated with the winds, thunder, and lightning. He was also nicknamed "Taru" (bull). Teshub was depicted as the God of thunder and lightning, mounted upon a bull.

We can only stress now, that battle among the Gods, of all cultures, for the divine Kingships….were reported in the ancient texts as events that had unquestionably taken place.

The Hittites in fact, worshipped a pantheon of Sumerian origins, the olden gods were in Sumer. This however, was only part of a much wider discovery. The Hittite language was found to be based on several Indo-European dialects, but it was also found to be subject to substantial Akkadian influence, both in speech, and more in writing.

But there was true astonishment, when they found that it extensively employed the Sumerian pictographic signs, syllables, and even whole words. It became obvious that Sumerian language….was their language of high learning.

When the Hittites reached Babylon, sometime after 1600 BC, the Sumerians were already long gone from the Near Eastern scene. How was it that their language, literature, and religion dominated another great Kingdom, in another millennium and in another part of Asia?

The Hurrians

The bridge were a people called the Hurrians. Referred to in the Old Testament, as the Horites (fire people), they dominated the whole area between Sumer and Akkhad, in Mesopotamia and the Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia. In the North their lands were the ancient "cedar lands", from which countries near and far obtained their best woods.

In the East their centers embraced the present day oil fields of Iraq….In the West, the Hurrians rule and influence……extended to the Mediterranean Coast and encompassed the great ancient centers of trade, industry and learning….as Carchemish and Alalakh.

Their most ancient capital was located somewhere on the Khabur River. Their greatest trading center, on the Balikh River, was the biblical "Harran", (the city where the family of the patriarch Abraham, sojourned on their way from Ur, in Southern Mesopotamia, to the land of Canaan.

Egyptian and Mesopotamia royal documents referred to the Hurrian kingdom as "Mitanni", and dealt with it on equal footing. There is no doubt that the Hurrians were Aryan or Indo-European in origin. Their inscriptions invoked several Gods….by their Vedic (Aryan) names.

The Hurrians, in fact, absorbed and transmitted the religion of Sumer. When and how were the Hurrians "mutated" by the Sumerian "gene"?  Evidence suggests that the Hurrians, who were the Northern neighbors of Sumer and Akkad in the 2^nd millennium BC, had actually commingled with the Sumerians in the previous millennium. It is an established fact that Hurrians were present and active in Sumer in the 3^rd millennium BC, that they held important positions in Sumer during its last period of glory, that of the dynasty of Ur.

There is evidence showing that the hurrians managed and manned the garment industry for which Sumer (and especially Ur) was known in antiquity. The renowned merchants of Ur, were probably Hurrians for the most part.

In the 13^th century BC, under the pressure of vast migrations and invasions (including the Israelite thrust from Egypt to Canaan), the Hurrians retreated to the Northeastern portion of their Kingdom….Establishing their new capital near Lake Van, they called their Kingdom Urartu (Ararat).

There they worshipped a pantheon headed by Tesheba (Teshub), depicting him as a vigorous God, wearing a horned cap and standing upon his cult symbol, the bull. They called their main shrine "Bitanu’, (House of Anu), and dedicated themselves to making their Kingdom "the fortress of the Valley of Anu".

And Anu, was the Sumerian Father of Gods. The Supreme God….from the alien "Anunnaki" race. What about the other avenues of Gods who reached Greece…..from the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean, via Crete and Cypress?

The Canaanites

The lands that are today Israel, Lebanon, and Southern Syria, (which formed the Southwest band of the ancient fertile Crescent), were then the habitat of peoples that can be grouped together as the "Canaanites".

Egyptian texts revealed that a major Canaanite Center, the plae now called "Rashamra", on the Syrian coast, was the ancient city of "Ugarit". The language of the Ugarit inscriptions, (the Canaanite language), was West Semitic, a branch of languages that also includes the earliest Akkadian and present-day Hebrew. The script is the same as Israelite Hebrew. The texts bear many similarities to the later Greek one.

At the head of the Canaanite pantheon, there was a supreme God called "EL", (which also meant "lofty deity"), he was the final authority in all affairs, human or divine. Ab Adam ("Father of Man"), was his title. (The kindly and the merciful was his epithet). He was the "creator of things created, and the one who alone could bestow Kingships….

They depicted "EL" as a sage, elderly God, who stayed away from daily affairs. His abode was emote, at the "headwaters of the two rivers", the Tigris and Euphrates. "EL", however, was not always and olden Lord….One of his epithets was "Tor" (meaning bull). In a poem called "Birth of Gracious Gods", they placed "EL" at the seashore, where 2 women were completely charmed by the size of his penis. (While a bird was roasting on the beach), "El" had intercourse with the two women. Thus were the 2 Gods "Shahar" (dawn) and "Shalem" (dusk) born.

These were not his only children, nor his principle sons (of which he had seven). His principal son was "BAAL" (the general term for Lord). Like "EL", his father, "BAAL" was a storm God, a God of Thunder and lightning.

A nickname for "BAAL", was "Hadad" also  "Adad"(Sharp one).  His weapons were the battle ax, and the lightning spear, his cult animal was the bull, he wore a horned conical headdress.

"BAAL" was also called Elyon "EL" (Supreme), the heir apparent.   Where had the Canaanites gotten their culture and religion?

The Egyptians

The Old Testament Considered them a part of the "Hamitic" family of Nations, with roots in the hot (for that is what "ham" meant), lands of Africa, brothers of the Egyptians.

The records unearthed….show a close affinity between the two, and the similarities of the Canaanites and the Egyptians.

The Egyptians believed in Gods of Heaven and Earth…..great Gods that were clearly distinguished from the multitudes of lesser ones. The Sky religion in Egypt…..Although the Egyptians used the decimal system, their religious affairs were governed by the Sumerian sexagesimal 60, and celestial matters were subject to the divine number 12.

The Heavens were divided into 3 parts, each comprising 12 celestial bodies. (The afterworld was divided into 12 parts as well). Day and Night were eah divided into 12 hours, 60 seconds. And all these divisions were paralleled by "companies" of Gods, which in turn consisted of 12 Gods each. (12 months in a year).

The head of the Egyptian pantheon was "RA" (Creator), who presided over an assembly of Gods….numbered twelve. He performed his wondrous works of creation in primeval times…..bringing forth GEB (Earth), and NUT (sky).

Then he caused the plants to grow on Earth, and then the creeping creatures and finally Mankind……

"RA", was an unseen celestial God, who manifested himself only periodically. His manifestation was "Aten" (the Celestial Disk), depicted as a winged globe….

Though "RA" was the loftiest in the Heavens, upon Earth he was the son of the God "Ptah" (developer). The Egyptians believed that Ptah actually raised the land of Egypt, from under flood waters, by building dike works at the point where the Nile rises.

This great God, they said, had come to Egypt from elsewhere, he established not only Egypt, but also the "Mountain Land", and the far foreign land. Indeed the Egyptians acknowledged, all their "olden Gods" had come by boat….from the South. Many prehistoric "rock drawings" have been found that show these olden Gods….distinguished by their horned headdress, arriving in Egypt by boat.

The only sea route leading to Egypt from the South is the Red Sea, and it is significant that the Egyptian name for it was the Sea of Ur.   The sign for "Ur" meant " the far foreign land in the East".

The Egyptian word for "divine being" or "God", was "NTR", which meant "one who watches". (Significantly, that is exactly the meaning of the name Shumer: the land of the "ones who watch").

The earlier notion that civilization may have begun in Egypt has been discarded by now. There is ample evidence now showing that the Egyptian organized society and civilization, which began half a millennium and more after the Sumerian one, drew its culture, architecture, technology, art of writing, and many other aspects of a high civilization from Sumer.

The Amorites

Cultural and blood kinsmen of the Egyptians, the Canaanites shared the same Gods with them, like the Hittites and the Hurrians. (Who also got their direct contacts with Sumerians through the "Amorites").

Their name derives from the Akkadian "Amurru", and Sumerian "Martu" (Westerners). Persons bearing Amorite names were listed as functionaries in Sumer. When Ur fell to Elamite invaders circa 200 BC, a "Martu" named "Ishbi-Irra", re-established Kingship at Larsa, and made his first task……the recapture of Ur, and restoration of the great shrine to the God "Sin".

Amorite chieftains established the first independent Dynasty in Assyria, circa 1900 BC. Hammurabi, who brought greatness to Babylon circa 1800 BC, was the sixth successor of the first Dynasty of Babylon, which was Amorite.

In the 1930’s archaeologists came upon the center and capital city of the Amorites, known as "Mari". As in other pantheons, the chief God "physically present" among the Amurru…..was a storm God.

They called him "Adad", the equivalent of the Canaanite "BAAL", (Lord), and they nicknamed him "Hadad".  His symbol was forked lightning.

In Canaanite texts, "BAAL" is often called the "Son of Dagon". (Dagon was Enki) The Mari texts also speak of an olden God named Dagon, a "Lord of Abundance", who like "EL", is depicted as a retired God, who complained on one occasion, that he no longer was consulted on the conduct of a certain war.

Who were these Gods of Heaven and Earth?  Divine, yet human, always headed by a pantheon of twelve deities…..

We have entered the temples of the Greeks and Aryans, the Hittites, and the Hurrians, the Canaanites, the Egyptians and the Amorites……We have followed paths that took us across continents and seas, and clues that carried us over several millennia…..And all the corridors of all the temples have led us to one source, "Sumer".

It has been necessary to present this historical view….to show evidence of the historical truth of the Bible, and to lead up to the Gods themselves….."The Anunnaki"….the ancient astronauts….from planet Nibiru.

The "Olden Gods" of all cultures ….were the Gods of Sumer (the Anunnaki).  When these are named and counted, the list runs into the hundreds. They were headed by a pantheon of Great Gods, governed by an Assembly of the Gods, and genetically related to each other. Each with a role to play, each with certain powers and responsibilities.

There were Gods that were "of the Heavens’. Texts dealing with the time "before things were created", talk of such heavenly Gods as: Aspu, Tiamat, Anshar, Kishar….These referred to the Celestial bodies in the Heavens….the planets.

The Sumerian history of these "Celestial Beings", are in fact, precise and scientific cosmology concepts, regarding the "Creation of our Solar System". And it is interesting that Earth (Gaia), is considered a living entity….in her own right.

There were also lesser Gods of Earth. Between the two groups there were the "Gods of Heaven and Earth", the ones called the "ancient Gods".

These were no mere Gods.  They were Galactic Gods.  They were the Anunnaki. Some of them were present and active on Earth…..even before there were men on Earth. Indeed, the very existence of man is deemed to have been the result of a deliberate creative enterprise on the part of these Gods.

They were powerful, capable of feats beyond mortal ability or comprehension. Yet these Gods, not only had similarities of humans, but ate and drank like them and displayed virtually every human emotion of love and hate, loyalty and infidelity.

A dynasty of Gods, a divine family, closely related, yet bitterly divided….

The head of this family of Anunnaki Gods was "An" (or Anu in Babylonian texts). He was the great father of the Gods. His realm was the expanse of the heavens, and his symbol was a star. In the Sumerian pictographs a sign of a star stood for "AN", for "heavens", and a "divine being" or "God" descended of "AN".

This symbol preceded the names of Gods, indicating that the name written in the text was not of a mortal, but of a God of Heavenly origin.

Anu’s abode was in the heavens, that was where other Gods went when they needed advice or a favor, and when they met in Assembly to handle important decisions.

Anu’s palace was described (whose portals wee guarded by a God of the "Tree of Truth", and a God of the "Tree of Life". His throne, the manner in which other Gods approached him, and how they sat in his presence was described.

There were also some chosen mortals who were permitted to go up to Anu’s Abode, mostly with the object of escaping mortality. One such tale pertained to "Adapa" (model of man). He was so perfect and so loyal to the God "EA", who had created him, that "EA" arranged for him to be taken to Anu. EA then described to Adapa what to expect:

"Adapa, thou art going before Anu, the King, the road to Heaven thou wilt take. When to Heaven thou has ascended, and have approached the "gate of Anu ", the "Bearer of Life" and the "Grower of Truth", at the gate of Anu will be standing.

Guided by his create, Adapa ascended to Heaven and approached the gate of Anu. But when he was offered the chance to be immortal Adapa refused to eat the "bread of life", thinking that the angry Anu, offered him poison food. He was thus returned to Earth, as an anointed priest, but still mortal.

Though Anu lived in a heavenly abode, the Sumerian texts reported instances when "he" came down to Earth, either in times of great crisis, or on ceremonial visits, (when he was accompanied by his spouse Antu). He also came down to make his great granddaughter "IN.ANNA", his consort on Earth.

The "high house" erected for him was located at Uruk, (the Biblical Erech), the domain of the Goddess Inanna. The temple of Anu, was called E.ANNA (house of AN). But this simple name applied to a structure that was quite a sight to behold.

It was, according to Sumerian texts, the hallowed Earth, the pure sanctuary. Traditions maintained that the Great Gods themselves "had fashioned its parts"!

"Its cornice was copper, its great wall touching the clouds….a lofty dwelling place. "It was the house whose charm was irresistible, whose allure was unending". And the text also made clear "the temples’ purpose’, for they called it, "The House for descending from Heaven".

While an "evening meal", various drinks and food were prepared, the astronomer priest would go to the "topmost stage of the tower of the main temple", to observe the skies.

He was to look out for the rising in a specific part of the sky, of the planet named "Great Anu of Heaven" (Nibiru). Thereupon, he was to recite the compositions named, "To the one who grows bright, heavenly planet of Lord Anu" and "The Creator’s image has risen".

Torches were lit, and the Gods, priests, singers and food bearers arranged themselves in procession, accompanying the two Godly visitors, (Anu and Antu), to their sanctuary for the night.

The position of the sons of Anu, (EN.LIL and EN.KI), and of their offspring, in the dynastic lineage emerges clearly through a unique Sumerian system, the allocation of numerical rank to certain Gods. The discovery of this system also brings out the membership in the great circle of Gods of Heaven and Earth, when Sumerian civilization blossomed.

We shall find that this supreme pantheon was made up of twelve deities. (Like the twelve planets). The highest unit of the Sumerian sexagesimal system "60" was assigned to Anu, Enlil was "50", Enki was "40", and Adad was "10". The number 10, and its six multiples within the prime number 60 were thus assigned to male deities, and it would appear plausible that the numbers ending with 5, were assigned to the female deities. From this, the following cryptographic table emerges:

Six male Gods, and six female Goddesses…..there were many other Gods in Sumer…..children, grandchildren, nieces and nephews of the Great Gods, there were also "rank and file" Gods, who were assigned "general duties". But only 12 made the great circle.

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